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...lizes to both of them (Battaglia et al., 2018). Despite the fact that GNNs have recently been proven very efficient in many applications, their theoretical ...ing all FOC2 classifiers? In this paper, they provide answers to these two questions. ...

...$G$, $O$ and $R$ can all potentially be learned components and make use of any ideas from the existing machine learning literature. ...are shown to useful for language learning[2]. Several studies[3][4][5][6] have shown that feedback is especially useful in second language learning and le ...

...till generate low rank solutions. Given these two objectives, many authors have proposed using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular_Value_Decompositi ...al of Machine Learning Research'', 8:1019-1048, 2008.</ref> explores these questions and provides necessary and sufficient conditions for rank consistency. ...

...ground knowledge from Section 2-7 (except Section 5). Feel free to skip if you already know. ...hoose to play any specific slot machine at any time. All the slot machines have their own probability distributions by which they churn out rewards, but th ...

|''A number of recent works have proposed attention models for Visual Question Answering (VQA) that generate In VQA, an algorithm needs to answer text-based questions about images in ...

...n silent. Although the optimal choice is to remain silent, the individuals have an incentive to act in their own self-interest which results in a less than ...in two-player non-zero-sum games. The discovery of such an algorithm would have surprising and profound implications in computational complexity theory. ...

...[2], and Transformer [1] based models such as OpenAI GPT [3] and BERT[4], have revolutionized the field. These models render GLUE [5], the standard benchm There have been several benchmarks attempting to standardize the field of language und ...

...lanations), a novel explanation technique that explains the predictions of any classifier in an interpretable and faithful manner, by learning an interpre ...hat the current evaluation metrics are reliable, which may not be the case if problems such as data leakage are present. This is not the first work to lo ...

...ReQA''') benchmark [5] and used two datasets '''SQuAD'''[6] and '''Natural Questions'''[7] for training and evaluating their models. ...\rangle \in \mathbb{R} </math>. The cross-attention BERT-style model would have <math> f_{\theta,w}(q,d) = \psi_{\theta}{(q \oplus d)^{T}}w </math> as a sc ...

...1 can be viewed as an Euler discretization. Given this Euler description, if the number of layers and step size between layers are taken to their limits ...lows for the calculation of gradients of the loss function without storing any of the hidden state information. This results in a very low memory requirem ...

...discussed the Bayes Ball algorithm and the way we can use it to determine if there exists a conditional independence between two nodes in the graph. Thi ...re (Fig. 21) we have no information about the node Y and so we can not say if the nodes X and Z are independent since the ball can pass from one to the o ...

...can help us to simplify the calculations. For example for the same problem if all the image pixels can be assumed to be independent, marginalization can ...sed to decribe a undirected graphical model. Probablistic Graphical Models have united some of the theory from these older theories and allow for more gene ...

...oordinate system. Ideally <math>\, p \ll d </math> (worst case would be to have <math>\, p = d </math>). These vectors are called the ''''Principal Compone ...riability. In this case, we can ignore the dimension where all data points have the same value. ...

If you in your `wikicoursenote' contribution , you have to cite the ...

...fined as the probability that <math>\,h</math> does not correctly classify any new data input, i.e., it is defined as <math>\,L(h)=P(h(X) \neq Y)</math>. ...h>\,I = \left\{\begin{matrix} 1 &\text{if } h(X_i) \neq Y_i \\ 0 &\text{if } h(X_i) = Y_i \end{matrix}\right.</math>. Here, ...

You will need to do this 1 or 2 times, depending on class size. The instructor will conduct random spot checks to ensure that students have contributed what they claim. ...

...statistical regularity. Areas in which machine learning and classification have been successfully used together include search and recommendation (e.g. Goo As an example, if we would like to classify some vegetables and fruits, then our training dat ...